comparison of smartphones with prices


http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/compare-best-phones

FAMOUS BOOKS AND AUTHORS
http://www.hitbullseye.com/currentgk/1351147077.pdf

GK DIGEST 2015
http://ugcportal.com/raman-files/GK%20Digest%202015.pdf

CURRENT AFFAIRS OCTOBER 2015
http://ugcportal.com/raman-files/October%20half%20digest.pdf

current affairs 18 NOVEMBER 2015

Ques. : 1 Zarin Daruwala was named as new India CEO of which of the following foreign banks recently?
1) Standard Chartered
2) HSBC
3) Barclays
4) Citi Bank
5) Other than those given as options
Answer:- 1) Standard Chartered

Ques. : 2 Kamala Laxman, who died, recently, was a well-known
1) classical music composer
2) Bharatanatyam exponent
3) child rights activist
4) children’s books writer
5) None of these
Answer:- 4) children’s books writer

Ques. : 3 Which of the following states marked its statehood day on 15 Nov and introduced ‘Mobile Governance’?
1) Chhattisgarh
2) Telangana
3) Goa
4) Jharkhand
5) Odisha
Answer:- 4) Jharkhand

Ques. : 4 India's first retail facility at AIIMS to provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases at highly discounted rates was inaugurated recently. The pharmacy is named
1) SANJIVANI
2) AMRIT
3) SAMARTH
4) JEEVAN JYOTI
5) AAROGYA
Answer:- 2) AMRIT

Ques. : 5 Mitchell Starc bowled the fastest delivery ever measured at a test match clocked at 160.4 kmph recently. He plays for
1) New Zealand
2) Australia
3) England
4) South Africa
5) Zimbabwe
Answer:- 2) Australia

Ques. : 6 The overdraft under Jan Dhan scheme has reached near Rs 120-cr mark. The overdraft facility of Rs 5,000 is given to one of the earning (preferably a woman) account holders in each family after ________ of satisfactory transactions.
1) one month
2) three months
3) six months
4) nine months
5) twelve months
Answer:- 3) six months

Ques. : 7 The Parliament of which country ratified a nuke deal with India recently and India will be the first country to buy Uranium from it despite not being a signatory to the NPT?
1) Japan
2) US
3) Australia
4) UK
5) Japan
Answer:- 3) Australia

Ques. : 8 The committee set up to look into the ways to revive Public Private Partnership (PPP) model is headed by
1) Nachiket Mor
2) Bimal Jalan
3) Vijay Kelkar
4) Y Venugopal Reddy
5) C Rangarajan
Answer:- 3) Vijay Kelkar

Ques. : 9 During the recent G20 Summit in Antalya, Turkey, PM Narendra Modi pledged to quadruple India’s renewable power capacity to 175 gigawatt by
1) 2016
2) 2018
3) 2020
4) 2022
5) 2024
Answer:- 4) 2022

Ques. : 10 India and which country signed the standard operating procedure (SOP) in New Delhi recently to operationalise the Agreement on Coastal Shipping, signed earlier?
1) Myanmar
2) Sri Lanka
3) Maldives
4) Japan
5) Bangladesh
Answer:- 5) Bangladesh

Difference Between internal and external fragmentation

Internal vs External Fragmentation 

Difference between internal and external fragmentation is a topic of interest to many who like to improve their computer knowledge. Before knowing this difference, we have to see what fragmentation is. Fragmentation is a phenomenon that occurs in computer memory such as Random Access Memory (RAM) or hard disks, which causes wastage and inefficient usage of free space. While the efficient usage of available space is hindered, this causes performance issues, as well. Internal fragmentation occurs when memory allocation is based on fixed-size partitions where after a small size application is assigned to a slot the remaining free space of that slot is wasted. External fragmentation occurs when memory is dynamically allocated where after loading and unloading of several slots here and there the free space is being distributed rather than being contiguous.

What is Internal Fragmentation?

Consider the figure above where a fixed sized memory allocation mechanism is being followed. Initially, the memory is empty and the allocator has divided the memory into fixed size partitions. Then later three programs named A, B, C have been loaded to the first three partitions while the 4th partition is still free. Program A matches the size of the partition, so there is no wastage in that partition, but Program B and Program C are smaller than the partition size. So in part ition 2 and partition 3 there is remaining free space. However, this free space is unusable as the memory allocator only assigns full partitions to programs but no t parts of it. This wastage of free space is called internal fragmentation.

In the above example, it is equal sized fixed partitions but this can even happen in a situation where partitions of various fixed sizes are available. Usually the memory or hardest space is divided into blocks that are usually the size of powers of 2 such as 2, 4, 8, 16 bytes. So a program or a file of 3 bytes will be assigned to a 4 byte block but one byte of that block will become unusable causing internal fragmentation.

What is External Fragmentation?

Consider the figure above where memory allocation is done dynamically. In dynamic memory allocation, the allocator allocates only the exact needed size for that program. First memory is completely free. Then the Programs A, B, C, D and E of different sizes are loaded one after the other and they are placed in memory contiguously in that order. Then later, Program A and Program C closes and they are unloaded from memory. Now there are three free space areas in the memory, but they are not adjacent. Now a large program called Program F is going to be loaded but neither of the free space block is not enough for Program F. The addition of all the free spaces is definitely enough for Program F, but due to the lack of adjacency that space is unusable for Program F. This is called External Fragmentation.

What is the difference between Internal and External Fragmentation?

• Internal Fragmentation occurs when a fixed size memory allocation technique is used. External fragmentation occurs when a dynamic memory allocation technique is used.

• Internal fragmentation occurs when a fixed size partition is assigned to a program/file with less size than the partition making the rest of the space in that partition unusable. External fragmentation is due to the lack of enough adjacent space after loading and unloading of programs or files for some time because then all free space is distributed here and there.

• External fragmentation can be mined by compaction where the assigned blocks are moved to one side, so that contiguous space is gained. However, this operation takes time and also certain critical assigned areas for example system services cannot be moved safely. We can observe this compaction step done on hard disks when running the disk defragmenter in Windows.

• External fragmentation can be prevented by mechanisms such as segmentation and paging. Here a logical contiguous virtual memory space is given while in reality the files/programs are splitted into parts and placed here and there.

• Internal fragmentation can be maimed by having partitions of several sizes and assigning a program based on the best fit. However, still internal fragmentation is not fully eliminated.

Summary:

Internal vs External Fragmentation

Both internal fragmentation and external fragmentation are phenomena where memory is wasted. Internal fragmentation occurs in fixed size memory allocation while external fragmentation occurs in dynamic memory allocation. When an allocated partition is occupied by a program that is lesser than the partition , remaining space goes wasted causing internal fragmentation. When enough adjacent space cannot be found after loading and unloading of programs, due to the fact that free space is distributed here and there, this causes external fragmentation. Fragmentation can occur in any memory device such as RAM, Hard disk and Flash drives.

PM Modi ministerial visit

March 11-12

List of foreign tours of Narendra Modi

• Country – Seychelles
• Capital – Victoria
• Currency – Seychellois rupee
• President – James Michel
• Legislature – National Assembly

11-13 March

• Country – Mauritius
• Capital – Port Louis
• Currency – Mauritian rupee
• Prime Minister – Anerood Jugnauth
• President – Ameenah Gurib Fakim(first women)
• Legislature – National Assembly

13-14 March

• Country – Srilanka
• Capital –
• Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative)
• Colombo(commercial)
• Currency – Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)
• Prime Minister – Ranil Wickremesinghe
• President – Maithripala Sirisena
• Legislature – Parliament

29 March

• Country – Singapore
• Capital – Singapore
• Currency – Singapore dollar (SGD)
• Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong
• President – Tony Tan
• Legislature – Parliament

9-12 April

• Country – France
• Capital – Paris
• Currency – Euro (EUR)
• Prime Minister – Manuel Valls
• President – François Hollande
• Legislature – Parliament

12-14 April

• Country – Germany
• Capital – Berlin
• Currency – Euro
• President – Joachim Gauck
• Chancellor – Angela Merkel
• Legislature –
• Bundesrat( Upper House)
• Bundestag (Lower House)

14-16 April

• Country – Canada
• Capital – Ottawa
• Currency – Canadian dollar(CAD)
• Prime Minister – Stephen Harper
• Legislature – Parliament

14-16 May

• Country – China
• Capital – Beijing
• Currency – Renminbi (yuan)(¥)(CNY)
• Prime Minister – Li Keqiang
• President – Xi Jinping
• Legislature – National People’s congress

16-17 May

• Country – Mangolia
• Capital – Ulaanbaatar
• Currency – Tögrög (MNT)
• Prime Minister – Chimediin Saikhanbileg
• President – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
• Legislature – State Great Khural

18-19 May

• Country – South Korea
• Capital – Seoul
• Currency – South Korean won (₩)(KRW)
• Prime Minister – Hwang Kyo-ahn
• President – Park Geun-hye
• Legislature – National Assembly

6-7 June

• Country – Bangladesh
• Capital – Dhaka
• Currency – Taka ( ) (BDT)
• Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina
• President – Abdul Hamid
• Legislature – Jatiyo Sangshad

6 July

• Country – Uzbekistan
• Capital – Tashkent
• Currency – Uzbekistan som(UZS)
• Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev
• President – Islam Karimov
• Legislature – Supreme Assembly

7 July

• Country – Kazakhstan
• Capital – Astana
• Currency – Tenge ( ) (KZT)
• Prime Minister – Karim Massimov
• President – Nursultan Nazarbayev
• Legislature – Parliament

8-9 July

• Country – Russia
• Capital – Moscow
• Currency – Russian ruble(RUB)
• Prime Minister – Dmitry Medvedev
• President – Vladimir Putin
• Legislature – Federal Assembly

10-11 July

• Country – Turkmenistan
• Capital – Ashgabat
• Currency – Turkmen new manat (TMT)
• President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
• Legislature – Mejlis

12 July

• Country – Kyrgyzstan
• Capital – Bishkek
• Currency – Som (KGS)
• Prime Minister – Temir Sariyev
• President – Almazbek Atambayev
• Legislature – Supreme Council

12-13 July

• Country – Tajikistan
• Capital – Dushanbe
• Currency – Somoni (TJS)
• Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda
• President – Emomalii Rahmon
• Legislature – Supreme Assembly

what is computer

n electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals.

• a person who makes calculations, especially with a calculating machine.